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Battle of Wadi (1916)
The Battle of Wadi, occurring on 13 January 1916,〔 was an unsuccessful attempt by British forces fighting in Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq) during World War I to relieve beleaguered forces under Sir Charles Townshend then under siege by the Ottoman Sixth Army at Kut-al-Amara.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Battles: The Battle of the Wadi, 1916 )〕
Pushed by regional British Commander-in-Chief Sir John Nixon, General Fenton Aylmer launched an attack against Ottoman defensive positions on the banks of the Wadi River.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Battle of Wadi this day in history 1916 )〕 The Wadi was a steep valley of a stream that ran from the north into the River Tigris, some upstream towards Kut-al-Amara from Sheikh Sa'ad.〔 The attack is generally considered as a failure, as although Fenton managed to capture the Wadi, it cost him 1,600 men. The British failure led to Townshend's surrender, along with 10,000 of his men, in the largest single surrender of British troops up to that time. However, the British recaptured Kut in February 1917, on their way to the capture of Baghdad the following year.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The long long trail )〕
==Background==
(詳細はHalil Kut and the German commander Baron von der Goltz,〔 surrounded an Anglo-Indian force of 25,000 men and began the Siege of Kut-Al Amara,〔 a city south of Baghdad. Replying to pleas for help from Major Charles Townshend, Mesopotamian Theatre commander Sir John Nixon dispatched the British Tigris Corps of 19,000 men under Lieutenant General Sir Fenton Aylmer to relieve the besieged garrison.〔
The first attempt to relieve Kut (the Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad) came on 6 January 1916. Aylmer's advance force, under Major-General George Younghusband, moved forward from Ali Al-Gharbi towards Sheikh Sa'ad along both banks of the Tigris. Younghusband's column made contact with the Ottomans on the morning of 6 January, east of Sheikh Sa'ad. British efforts to defeat the Ottomans were unsuccessful. British casualties were heavy amounting to 4,202, including 133 officers. Following this, the Ottoman forces voluntarily abandoned their position on 9 January for an unknown reason,〔 and retired upstream to the Wadi.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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